Insights Articles

Every week, the Array team reviews the latest news and analysis about the evolving field of eDiscovery to bring you the topics and trends you need to know. This week’s blog covers the week of January 1-7. Let’s dive in.

Why eDiscovery providers push back against DIY clients

The impulse for a client to collect their own ESI is understandable given billable hour costs and budget concerns. But Daniell K. Newman on GreenbergTraurig’s eDiscovery Watch blog details the reasons why eDiscovery providers push back on DIY collection of ESI without attorney supervision: namely, the possibility of court sanctions.

Newman writes that courts have held that attorneys must ensure the adequacy of their clients’ ESI collection and production. Clients may try to make a convincing case for self-collection: They think they know best where relevant information is stored and who was involved in its creation, but those best intentions can go awry and lead to massive sanctions and reprimands from the court.

Case in point. In DR Distributors, LLC v. 21 Century Smoking, Inc., No. 12 CV 50324, (N.D. Ill. Oct. 6, 2022), the court issued a $2.5 million sanction and said: “Counsel must be competent in their knowledge and ability to identify, preserve, collect, review, and produce ESI. Competence pervades every aspect of the ESI discovery process. This is not a new requirement … It is no longer amateur hour. It is way too late in the day for lawyers to expect to catch a break on eDiscovery compliance because it is technically complex and resource-demanding.”

Getting eDiscovery experts, like those at Array, involved early in the matter can help guide the process to ensure that collections are handled defensibly and completely in order to avoid problems or disputes later in the case.

Are ESI Protocols overused?

Three attorneys and a former judge analyze the problems with overusing of ESI protocols on Law.com (subscription required). ESI protocols have “become a Frankenstein monster of requirements that create obligations well beyond the Federal Rules of discovery” argue David Kessler, global head of the eDiscovery and Information and the U.S. Privacy practices at Norton Rose Fulbright US, Ellen Blanchard, a senior counsel at the firm, Esther Clovis an associate at the firm, and retired U.S. Magistrate Judge Andrew Peck.

Among their takeaways:

• ESI protocols are “snapshots in time” that can lead to compliance challenges. Technology can evolve over months since the protocol was agreed to. And because protocols are treated like contracts, “courts will mandate compliance with stipulated discovery protocols even where circumstances that existed when the ESI protocol was entered have changed.” The authors point out Cody et al v. City of St. Louis, No. 4:17-CV-2707 AGF (E.D. Mo. June 16, 2021), in which a plaintiff motion to compel defendants to produce documents in their native format with metadata was denied because the parties agreed in an ESI protocol to produce documents as PDFs.
• ESI protocols can lead to “preservation quagmires” like this example: “If an ESI protocol becomes an order and requires ‘reasonable steps to preserve’ and a party makes an unreasonable mistake, then the court is no longer bound by Rule 37(e) and can sanction the party and its lawyers for failing to comply with a court order under Rule 37(b)(2)(a). Thus, the same conduct can lead to two very different results, simply because the party agrees to include … ‘all parties agree to take reasonable steps to preserve’ in their ESI protocols.”
• Model ESI orders are meant to be instructive, they say, and not burden parties to prove some or all provisions don’t work for their case.

When negotiating ESI protocols, it’s important to ensure that the protocols are flexible and leave room for meet-and-confer opportunities if unexpected situations arise. Array assists case teams by reviewing proposed protocols to ensure that the technical requirements are feasible and readily available in order for the case team to be able to comply without unnecessary difficulty or additional expense.

Other eDiscovery news and tips from last week:

• A whitepaper on how to obtain eDiscovery data using Google Takeout (Pondurance)
• Must-read eDiscovery trends & insights for lawyers & law firms (Legal Support World)
• An expert details how businesses are considering AI for document review (Haystack ID)
• An eDiscovery case law review for 2023 (Epiq)