The UK construction industry is facing a seismic shift in health and safety litigation. Following the Grenfell Tower Inquiry and the implementation of the Building Safety Act, regulatory scrutiny has intensified. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE), now working alongside the newly established Building Safety Regulator (BSR), is enforcing stricter standards across high-risk construction projects.
Legal teams must now prepare for investigations that probe not just outcomes, but the integrity of site records, incident documentation, and internal decision-making. With corporate manslaughter charges and record fines on the horizon, the stakes have never been higher.
Legal teams must now prepare for investigations that probe not just outcomes, but the integrity of site records, incident documentation, and internal decision-making. With corporate manslaughter charges and record fines on the horizon, the stakes have never been higher.
Document Complexity: Site Records, Incident Reports, and Testimony
Health and safety disputes often hinge on fragmented, inconsistent, or incomplete documentation. Key challenges include:
- Site Records: Daily logs, safety audits, PPE checklists, and subcontractor reports—often handwritten or siloed across systems.
- Incident Reports: Varying formats, missing timestamps, and conflicting narratives.
- Witness Testimony: Statements from site managers, operatives, and third-party contractors—frequently undocumented or disputed.
In R v Balfour Beatty Rail Projects Ltd [2006], the company was fined £1.2 million after a fatal accident, with the court citing failures in documentation and safety oversight. Today, similar cases are surfacing with greater frequency and complexity.
Legal teams must be able to reconstruct events with precision—often under intense regulatory and media scrutiny. This is especially critical in construction health and safety litigation, where Building Safety Act compliance is under the spotlight.
Synthesising Safety Data with AI and eDiscovery
Artificial intelligence and eDiscovery platforms are transforming how legal teams manage health and safety litigation in construction. These tools can:
- Ingest and normalise disparate data sources (e.g., scanned site logs, emails, mobile photos)
- Extract and correlate safety-related content (e.g., risk assessments, toolbox talks, inspection reports)
- Identify patterns and anomalies in incident reports using AI for incident report analysis (e.g., repeated non-compliance, missing PPE records, delayed incident reporting)
This enables faster early case assessment, stronger regulatory responses, and more credible litigation strategies.
In high-profile investigations, such as those stemming from Grenfell, regulators are demanding digital defensibility—clear audit trails, consistent coding, and transparent workflows.
Building Defensible Workflows for Regulatory Scrutiny
Defensibility is no longer optional. Legal teams must demonstrate that their review processes are:
- Systematic: With consistent privilege, responsiveness, and relevance coding.
- Transparent: With audit trails that show who reviewed what, when, and why.
- Proportionate: In line with HSE expectations and CPR disclosure rules.
This is especially critical in cases involving potential criminal liability, such as corporate manslaughter or gross negligence manslaughter. Regulators and courts now expect digital sophistication as part of legal preparedness.
Strategic Implications for Legal Leaders
General counsel and heads of litigation in the construction sector must now treat health and safety litigation as a strategic risk. This means:
- Integrating AI into incident response and document review workflows
- Partnering with review providers who understand construction safety documentation
- Preparing for a future where regulators demand not just compliance—but digital defensibility
The Building Safety Act and the Grenfell legacy have reshaped the legal landscape. Legal teams equipped with modern review capabilities will be better positioned to respond credibly, protect reputation, and manage risk.